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Everything about Pulse-code modulation

Digital representation of sampled analog signals

Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent analog signals. It is the standard form of digital audio in computers, compact discs, digital telephony and other digital audio applications. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled at uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps. Claude Shannon, Bernard Oliver, and John Pierce were inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for their PCM patent granted in 1952. Wikipedia →

🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path

  1. Read the overview: Pulse-code modulationA 5-minute orientation
  2. Skim a recent paper: Interactive Multimedia Association-Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation Codec With Gated Recurrent Unit PredictorInfluential work since 2022
  3. Pick up a classic book: Treaty Occupationay ToxicologyThe most-reprinted book on the subject
  4. Read the landmark paper: Real-time compression of myoelectric data utilising adaptive differential pulse code modulationCited 25 times
  5. Go sideways: Adaptive differential pulse-code modulationA closely related topic
  6. Go sideways: Digital audioA closely related topic

📖 Definitions

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🗂️ The subject at a glance

  1. History
  2. Implementations
  3. Modulation
  4. Demodulation
  5. Standard sampling precision and rates
  6. Limitations
  7. Processing and coding
  8. Encoding for serial transmission
  9. Nomenclature
  10. Explanatory notes

🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)

🆕 Influential since 2022

📚 Books worth reading

Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.

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