Everything about HCN4

🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path

1. Read the overview: HCN4A 5-minute orientation
2. Skim a recent paper: Paradigm shift: new concepts for HCN4 function in cardiac pacemakingInfluential work since 2022
3. Pick up a classic book: Investigations of small hyperfine interactions in molecular rotational spectraThe most-reprinted book on the subject
4. Read the landmark paper: The hyperpolarization-activated channel HCN4 is required for the generation of pacemaker action potentials in the embryonic heartCited 405 times
5. Go sideways: HCN1A closely related topic
6. Go sideways: Pacemaker currentA closely related topic

🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)

• The hyperpolarization-activated channel HCN4 is required for the generation of pacemaker action potentials in the embryonic heart

  Juliane Stieber, Stefan Herrmann, Susanne Feil · 2003 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 405 citations

• Deep bradycardia and heart block caused by inducible cardiac-specific knockout of the pacemaker channel gene Hcn4

  Mirko Baruscotti, Annalisa Bucchi, Carlo Viscomi · 2011 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 254 citations

• HCN4 Dynamically Marks the First Heart Field and Conduction System Precursors

  Xingqun Liang, Gang Wang, Lizhu Lin · 2013 · Circulation Research · 239 citations

• Exercise training reduces resting heart rate via downregulation of the funny channel HCN4

  Alicia D’Souza, Annalisa Bucchi, Anne Berit Johnsen · 2014 · Nature Communications · 229 citations

• HCN4 provides a ‘depolarization reserve’ and is not required for heart rate acceleration in mice

  Stefan Herrmann, Juliane Stieber, Georg Stöckl · 2007 · The EMBO Journal · 207 citations

• Functional Characterization of a Trafficking-defective HCN4 Mutation, D553N, Associated with Cardiac Arrhythmia

  Kazuo Ueda, Kazufumi Nakamura, Takeharu Hayashi · 2004 · Journal of Biological Chemistry · 203 citations

• HCN4 Mutations in Multiple Families With Bradycardia and Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy

  Annalisa Milano, Alexa M.C. Vermeer, Elisabeth M. Lodder · 2014 · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 193 citations

• Hyperpolarization-activated channels HCN1 and HCN4 mediate responses to sour stimuli

  David R. Stevens, Reinhard Seifert, Bernd Bufe · 2001 · Nature · 192 citations

🆕 Influential since 2022

• Paradigm shift: new concepts for HCN4 function in cardiac pacemaking

  Konstantin Hennis, Martin Biel, Stefanie Fenske · 2022 · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · 24 citations

• A gain-of-function HCN4 mutant in the HCN domain is responsible for inappropriate sinus tachycardia in a Spanish family

  Anabel Cámara-Checa, Francesca Perin, Marcos Rubio-Alarcón · 2023 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 23 citations

• Structural determinants of ivabradine block of the open pore of HCN4

  Andrea Saponaro, Jan H. Krumbach, Antonio Chaves-Sanjuan · 2024 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 18 citations

• Virus-induced inhibition of cardiac pacemaker channel HCN4 triggers bradycardia in human-induced stem cell system

  Stefan Peischard, Melina Möller, Paul Disse · 2022 · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · 17 citations

• Alkali metal cations modulate the geometry of different binding sites in HCN4 selectivity filter for permeation or block

  Jan H. Krumbach, Daniel Bauer, Atiyeh Sadat Sharifzadeh · 2023 · Journal of General Physiology · 15 citations

📚 Books worth reading

• 📕Investigations of small hyperfine interactions in molecular rotational spectraRobert Lee White · 1954
• Control of Insects, Rodents, and Other VerminUnited States War Department · 1943
• Metaphysical Dialogue with AIStefano Dorian Franco · 2025
• 📕Essential cardiac electrophysiologyAbedin, Zainul (Cardiologist) · 2013

Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.

🔗 Related topics

• HCN1 Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN1 gene. Hyperpolarization-activa…
• Pacemaker current The pacemaker current (If, or IKf, also called funny current) is an electric current in the heart that flows through the HCN channel or pacemaker channel…
• HCN2 Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN2 gene. HCN2 has been…
• HCN channel Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are integral membrane proteins that serve as nonselective voltage-gated cation channels…
• Dario DiFrancesco Dario DiFrancesco (born 10 February 1948) is a Professor Emeritus (Physiology) at the University of Milano. In 1979, he and collaborators discovered the…
• HCN3 Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN3 gene. Cyclic nucleotide–gated…
• Sinoatrial node The sinoatrial node (also known as the sinuatrial node, SA node, sinus node or Keith–Flack node) is an oval shaped region of special cardiac muscle in…
• Cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channel Cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channels or CNG channels are ion channels that function in response to the binding of cyclic nucleotides. CNG channels are…