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Everything about Temperature
Physical quantity of hot and cold
In classical thermodynamics and kinetic theory, temperature is a macroscopic state variable which reflects the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system, providing a quantitative measure of how energy is distributed among microscopic degrees of freedom. Wikipedia →
🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path
- Read the overview: TemperatureA 5-minute orientation
- Skim a recent paper: Satellite Remote Sensing of Global Land Surface Temperature: Definition, Methods, Products, and ApplicationsInfluential work since 2022
- Pick up a classic book: Advances in Cryogenic EngineeringThe most-reprinted book on the subject
- Read the landmark paper: A unified formulation of the constant temperature molecular dynamics methodsCited 18,849 times
- Go sideways: Thermodynamic temperatureA closely related topic
- Go sideways: Scale of temperatureA closely related topic
📖 Definitions
Noun A measure of cold or heat, often measurable with a thermometer.
Noun An elevated body temperature, as present in many illnesses; fever.
Noun A property of macroscopic amounts of matter that serves to gauge the average intensity of the random actual motions of the individually mobile particulate constituents.
Noun The general mood.
🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)
A unified formulation of the constant temperature molecular dynamics methods
Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis
Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century
Room-Temperature Ultraviolet Nanowire Nanolasers
The Temperature Dependence of Relaxation Mechanisms in Amorphous Polymers and Other Glass-forming Liquids
Room-temperature fabrication of transparent flexible thin-film transistors using amorphous oxide semiconductors
Vortices in high-temperature superconductors
Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change
🆕 Influential since 2022
Satellite Remote Sensing of Global Land Surface Temperature: Definition, Methods, Products, and Applications
Engineering Dual Single‐Atom Sites on 2D Ultrathin N‐doped Carbon Nanosheets Attaining Ultra‐Low‐Temperature Zinc‐Air Battery
Global glacier change in the 21st century: Every increase in temperature matters
Gas diffusion electrodes, reactor designs and key metrics of low-temperature CO2 electrolysers
Highly efficient p-i-n perovskite solar cells that endure temperature variations
📚 Books worth reading
Advances in Cryogenic EngineeringR. W. Fast, Richard Reed · 1988
Studies of High Temperature SuperconductorsAnant Narlikar · 1989
Advances in Cryogenic EngineeringK. D. Timmerhaus · 2012
TemperatureDarlene R. Stille, Sheree Boyd · 2002
Advances in Cryogenic EngineeringK. Timmerhaus · 1977
Heat transferJ. P. Holman · 1934
Pearl the Cloud FairyDaisy Meadows · 2004
Heat and thermodynamicsMark Waldo Zemansky · 1937
Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.
🔗 Related topics
- Thermodynamic temperature Thermodynamic temperature, also known as absolute temperature, is a physical quantity that measures temperature starting from absolute zero, the point…
- Scale of temperature Scale of temperature or temperature scale is a methodology of calibrating the physical quantity temperature in metrology. Empirical scales measure temperature…
- Absolute zero Absolute zero is the theoretically coldest temperature, a state at which a system's internal energy, and in ideal cases entropy, reach their minimum values…
- Entropy (statistical thermodynamics) The concept entropy was first developed by German physicist Rudolf Clausius in the mid-nineteenth century as a thermodynamic property that predicts that…
- Boltzmann constant The Boltzmann constant (kB or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic…
- Laws of thermodynamics The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize…
- Zeroth law of thermodynamics The zeroth law of thermodynamics is one of the four principal laws of thermodynamics. It provides an independent definition of temperature without reference…
- Ideal gas An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that are not subject to interparticle interactions. The ideal gas concept…