Everything about Open reading frame
DNA section marked with start and stop codon of different length
In molecular biology and genetics, reading frames are defined as spans of DNA sequence between the start and stop codons. Usually, this is considered within a studied region of a prokaryotic DNA sequence, where only one of the six possible reading frames will be "open". Such an open reading frame (ORF) may contain a start codon and by definition cannot extend beyond a stop codon. That start codon indicates where translation may start. The transcription termination site is located after the ORF, beyond the translation stop codon. If transcription were to cease before the stop codon, an incomplete protein would be made during translation. Wikipedia →
🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path
- Read the overview: Open reading frameA 5-minute orientation
- Skim a recent paper: Small Open Reading Frame-Encoded Micro-Peptides: An Emerging Protein WorldInfluential work since 2022
- Pick up a classic book: A Midsummer Night's DreamThe most-reprinted book on the subject
- Read the landmark paper: Norwalk Virus Open Reading Frame 3 Encodes a Minor Structural ProteinCited 239 times
- Go sideways: Reading frameA closely related topic
- Go sideways: Coding regionA closely related topic
📖 Definitions
Noun A sequence of DNA triplets, between the initiator and terminator codons, that can be transcribed into mRNA and later translated into protein.
🗂️ The subject at a glance
🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)
Norwalk Virus Open Reading Frame 3 Encodes a Minor Structural Protein
A perspective on mammalian upstream open reading frame function
Improved Identification and Analysis of Small Open Reading Frame Encoded Polypeptides
Conserved Upstream Open Reading Frame Nascent Peptides That Control Translation
Human Herpesvirus 6 Open Reading Frame U83 Encodes a Functional Chemokine
The Definition of Open Reading Frame Revisited
Nonsense mutation in open reading frame E2 of bovine papillomavirus DNA
Translation control of UCP2 synthesis by the upstream open reading frame
🆕 Influential since 2022
Small Open Reading Frame-Encoded Micro-Peptides: An Emerging Protein World
Open reading frame correction using splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides for the treatment of cystic fibrosis
Proteoforms expand the world of microproteins and short open reading frame-encoded peptides
Dwarf Open Reading Frame (DWORF) Gene Therapy Ameliorated Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Cardiomyopathy in Aged mdx Mice
Posttranscriptional Regulation by Copper with a New Upstream Open Reading Frame
📚 Books worth reading
A Midsummer Night's DreamWilliam Shakespeare · 1600
Romeo and JulietWilliam Shakespeare · 1597
DecameroneGiovanni Boccaccio · 1516
American FilmAmerican Film Institute · 1975
C How to ProgramPaul J. Deitel, Harvey M. Deitel · 2007
Writing ArgumentsJohn D. Ramage, John C. Bean · 2000
Writing analyticallyDavid Rosenwasser, Rosenwasse · 1996
Customer visitsEdward F. McQuarrie · 1993
Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.
🔗 Related topics
- Reading frame In molecular biology, a reading frame is a specific choice out of the possible ways to read the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)…
- Coding region The coding region of a gene, also known as the coding DNA sequence (CDS), is the portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for a protein. Studying the…
- DNA annotation In molecular biology and genetics, DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of describing the structure and function of the components of a genome…
- Consensus CDS Project The Consensus Coding Sequence (CCDS) Project is a collaborative effort to maintain a dataset of protein-coding regions that are identically annotated on…
- Gene prediction In computational biology, gene prediction or gene finding refers to the process of identifying the regions of genomic DNA that encode genes. This includes…
- Five prime untranslated region The five prime untranslated region (5′ UTR), or leader sequence, transcript leader, or leader RNA, is the region of a messenger RNA (mRNA) that is directly…
- Frameshift mutation A frameshift mutation (also called a framing error or a reading frame shift) is a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number…
- Overlapping gene An overlapping gene (or OLG) is a gene whose expressible nucleotide sequence partially overlaps with the expressible nucleotide sequence of another gene…