Everything about Normalization model
The normalization model is an influential model of responses of neurons in primary visual cortex. David Heeger developed the model in the early 1990s, and later refined it together with Matteo Carandini and J. Anthony Movshon. The model involves a divisive stage. In the numerator is the output of the classical receptive field. In the denominator, a constant plus a measure of local stimulus contrast. Although the normalization model was initially developed to explain responses in the primary visual cortex, normalization is now thought to operate throughout the visual system, and in many other sensory modalities and brain regions, including the representation of odors in the olfactory bulb, the modulatory effects of visual attention, the encoding of value, and the integration of multisensory information. It has also been observed at subthreshold potentials in the hippocampus. Its presence in such a diversity of neural systems in multiple species, from invertebrates to mammals, suggests that normalization serves as a canonical neural computation. Divisive normalization reduces the redundancy in natural stimulus statistics and is sometimes viewed as an implementation of the efficient coding principle. Formally, divisive normalization is an information-maximizing code for stimuli following a multivariate Pareto distribution. Wikipedia →
🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path
- Read the overview: Normalization modelA 5-minute orientation
- Skim a recent paper: TransNorm: Transformer Provides a Strong Spatial Normalization Mechanism for a Deep Segmentation ModelInfluential work since 2022
- Pick up a classic book: Contemporary MusiciansThe most-reprinted book on the subject
- Read the landmark paper: The Normalization Model of AttentionCited 1,256 times
- Go sideways: Matteo CarandiniA closely related topic
- Go sideways: David HeegerA closely related topic
📖 Definitions
No dictionary entry for this exact phrase.
🗂️ The subject at a glance
No outline available.
🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)
The Normalization Model of Attention
A normalization model of multisensory integration
A Range-Normalization Model of Context-Dependent Choice: A New Model and Evidence
Normalization and hierarchical dependencies in the relational data model
A dynamic normalization model of temporal attention
Model-based normalization for iterative 3D PET image reconstruction
Semilinear High-Dimensional Model for Normalization of Microarray Data
Intuitionistic model constructions and normalization proofs
🆕 Influential since 2022
TransNorm: Transformer Provides a Strong Spatial Normalization Mechanism for a Deep Segmentation Model
Generalizable model-agnostic semantic segmentation via target-specific normalization
Model-Based Data Normalization for Data-Driven PMSM Fault Diagnosis
MR image normalization dilemma and the accuracy of brain tumor classification model
A simple neural vector space model for medical concept normalization using concept embeddings
📚 Books worth reading
Contemporary MusiciansAngela M. Pilchak · 2004
Report of the speeches and proceedings at the inauguration of the Normal School in Charlottetown, P.E. Island, on Wednesday, the 1st of October, 1856R. B. Irving · 1856
Тензорная тригонометрияNinul Anatoly Sergeevich · 2004
Models for repeated measurementsJames K. Lindsey · 1993- 📕Problems of Electric Utility Load ForecastingEPRI Symposium on Electric Utility Load Forecasting. · 1981
École modèle Jacques-CartierÉcole modèle Jacques-Cartier. · 1985
Annual Report of the Minister of Education, on the Public, Separate, and High Schools, Also on ...Ontario. Ministry of Education., Dept. of Education · 1880- 📕From cradle to computer · 1984
Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.
🔗 Related topics
- Matteo Carandini Matteo Carandini (born 1967) is a neuroscientist who studies the visual system. He is currently a professor at University College London, where he co-directs…
- David Heeger David J. Heeger (born 1961) is an American neuroscientist, psychologist, computer scientist, data scientist, and entrepreneur. He is a professor at New…
- Complex cell Complex cells can be found in the primary visual cortex (V1), the secondary visual cortex (V2), and Brodmann area 19 (V3). Like a simple cell, a complex…
- Neural coding Neural coding (or neural representation) refers to the relationship between a stimulus and its respective neuronal responses, and the signalling relationships…
- Olfactory bulb The olfactory bulb (Latin: bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure in the forebrain of vertebrates that is involved in olfaction, or the sense of smell…
- Laura Busse Laura Busse (born 19 September 1977) is a German neuroscientist and professor of Systemic Neuroscience within the Division of Neurobiology at LMU Munich…
- Neural decoding Neural decoding is a neuroscience field concerned with the hypothetical reconstruction of sensory and other stimuli from information that has already been…
- Surround suppression Surround suppression is where the relative firing rate of a neuron may under certain conditions decrease when a particular stimulus is enlarged. It has…