Everything about Normal science

🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path

1. Read the overview: Normal scienceA 5-minute orientation
2. Skim a recent paper: Citizen science and Post-Normal Science’s extended peer community: Identifying overlaps by mapping typologiesInfluential work since 2022
3. Pick up a classic book: I Couldn't Even Imagine That They Would Kill Us: An Oral History of the Attacks Against the Students of Ayotzinapa (City Lights Open Media)The most-reprinted book on the subject
4. Read the landmark paper: Science for the post-normal ageCited 2,966 times
5. Go sideways: The Structure of Scientific RevolutionsA closely related topic
6. Go sideways: ParadigmA closely related topic

🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)

• Science for the post-normal age

  Silvio O. Funtowicz, Jerome R. Ravetz · 1993 · Futures · 2,966 citations

• Uncertainty, complexity and post-normal science

  Silvio O. Funtowicz, Jerome R. Ravetz · 1994 · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · 253 citations

• Normal Science, Pathological Science and Psychometrics

  Joel Michell · 2000 · Theory & Psychology · 190 citations

• The post-normal science of precaution

  Jerry Ravetz · 2004 · Futures · 154 citations

• Social networks as normal science ∗

  Norman P. Hummon, Kathleen Carley · 1993 · Social Networks · 95 citations

• Paradigms and Normal Science in Psychology

  Walter B. Weimer, David S. Palermo · 1973 · Science Studies · 69 citations

• The ethos of post-normal science

  Nicolas Kønig, Tom Børsen, Claus Emmeche · 2017 · Futures · 57 citations

• Post-normal science and the rhetoric of inquiry: deconstructing normal science?

  Fred Luks · 1999 · Futures · 37 citations

🆕 Influential since 2022

• Citizen science and Post-Normal Science’s extended peer community: Identifying overlaps by mapping typologies

  Mordechai Haklay, Ariane König, Fabien Moustard · 2023 · Futures · 22 citations

• Sustaining blended and online learning during the normal and new normal conditions in a Saudi higher education institution: health science students' perspectives

  Nouf Al-Kahtani, Abdullah Almurayh, Arun Vijay Subbarayalu · 2022 · Heliyon · 20 citations

• Unresolved COVID Controversies: ‘Normal science’ and potential non-scientific influences

  Carlos F. Cáceres · 2022 · Global Public Health · 14 citations

• Beyond Kuhnian paradigms: Normal science and theory dependence in ecology

  Craig A. Layman, Andrew L. Rypel · 2023 · Ecology and Evolution · 11 citations

• Challenges and struggles of public senior high school science teachers during the new normal

  Immar Jun Robledo Geverola, Romel Cayao Mutya, Louise Marie Bañados Siason · 2022 · Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers & Teacher Education · 10 citations

📚 Books worth reading

• I Couldn't Even Imagine That They Would Kill Us: An Oral History of the Attacks Against the Students of Ayotzinapa (City Lights Open Media)John Gibler · 2016
• L'École normale de l'an IIIRené Just Haüy, Etienne Guyon · 2006
• H.A.N.DMichael Eaborn · 2015
• 📕Developments in the technical determination of maritime spaceChris Carleton · 2001
• 📕The emergence of the Ecole normale supérieure as a center of scientific education in nineteenth-century FranceCraig Steven Zwerling · 1990
• 📕A brief history of the Natural Science Department of the Michigan State Normal College, 1849-1949 ...Jessie Phelps · 1949
• 📕Scienze fisiche e poesiaA. Livini · 1882
• 📕Séances des Écoles normalesEcole normale (France) · 1796

Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.

🔗 Related topics

• The Structure of Scientific Revolutions The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is a 1962 book about the history of science by the philosopher Thomas S. Kuhn. Its publication was a landmark event…
• Paradigm In science and philosophy, a paradigm (/ˈpærədaɪm/ PARR-ə-dyme) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods…
• Imre Lakatos Imre Lakatos (UK: /ˈlækətɒs/, US: /-toʊs/; Hungarian: Lakatos Imre [ˈlɒkɒtoʃ ˈimrɛ]; 9 November 1922 – 2 February 1974) was a Hungarian-born philosopher…
• Research program A research program (British English: research programme) is a professional network of scientists conducting basic research. The term was used by philosopher…
• Kuhn–Popper debate The Kuhn–Popper debate was a debate surrounding research methods and the advancement of scientific knowledge. In 1965, at the University of London's Internation…
• Paradigm shift A paradigm shift is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline. It is a concept in the philosophy…
• Sociology and the history of science Throughout the 20th and 21st century, sociological inquiry has sought to analyze large-scale socialized patterns and trends in the development of science…
• Falsifiability Falsifiability is a standard of evaluation of scientific statements, including theories and hypotheses. A statement is falsifiable if it belongs to a language…