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Everything about Intermodulation
Non-linear effect in amplitude modulation
Intermodulation (IM) or intermodulation distortion (IMD) is the amplitude modulation of signals containing two or more different frequencies, caused by nonlinearities or time variance in a system. The intermodulation between frequency components will form additional components at frequencies that are not just at harmonic frequencies of either, like harmonic distortion, but also at the sum and difference frequencies of the original frequencies and at sums and differences of multiples of those frequencies. Wikipedia →
🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path
- Read the overview: IntermodulationA 5-minute orientation
- Skim a recent paper: Passive Intermodulation at Contacts of Rough ConductorsInfluential work since 2022
- Pick up a classic book: Spread spectrum receiver electromagnetic interference (EMI) test guideThe most-reprinted book on the subject
- Read the landmark paper: A GaAs MESFET Mixer with Very Low IntermodulationCited 212 times
- Go sideways: Third-order intercept pointA closely related topic
- Go sideways: Rusty bolt effectA closely related topic
📖 Definitions
Noun modulation of the different frequencies of interacting waves
🗂️ The subject at a glance
🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)
A GaAs MESFET Mixer with Very Low Intermodulation
Second-order intermodulation mechanisms in CMOS downconverters
Theory of intermodulation in a superconducting microstrip resonator
Intermodulation distortion in current-commutating CMOS mixers
An Investigation of Linearity Performance and Intermodulation Distortion of GME CGT MOSFET for RFIC Design
Intermodulation distortion and power handling in RF MEMS switches, varactors, and tunable filters
Intermodulation distortion in Kahn-technique transmitters
Intermodulation atomic force microscopy
🆕 Influential since 2022
Passive Intermodulation at Contacts of Rough Conductors
A Novel Hybrid Brain-Computer Interface Combining Motor Imagery and Intermodulation Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential
Passive Intermodulation on Coaxial Connector Under Electro-Thermal-Mechanical Multiphysics
Rational number harmonic mode-locked dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator with low supermode noise and low intermodulation distortions
Passive Intermodulation Measurement: Challenges and Solutions
📚 Books worth reading
- 📕Spread spectrum receiver electromagnetic interference (EMI) test guideM. L. Wheeler · 1998
Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.
🔗 Related topics
- Third-order intercept point In telecommunications, a third-order intercept point (IP3 or TOI) is a specific figure of merit associated with the more general third-order intermodulation…
- Rusty bolt effect The rusty bolt effect is a form of radio interference due to interactions of the radio waves with dirty connections or corroded parts. It is more properly…
- Two-tone testing Two-tone testing is a means of testing electronic components and systems, particularly radio systems, for intermodulation distortion. It consists of simultaneou…
- Spurious-free dynamic range Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is the strength ratio of the fundamental signal to the strongest spurious tone in the output. It is also defined as…
- Total harmonic distortion The total harmonic distortion (THD or THDi) is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present in a signal; THD is defined as the ratio of the sum of…
- Second-order intercept point The Second-order intercept point, also known as the SOI, IP2, or IIP2 (Input intercept point), is a measure of linearity that quantifies the second-order…
- Distortion In signal processing, distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of a signal. In communications and electronics it means…
- Amplitude distortion Amplitude distortion is distortion occurring in a system, subsystem, or device when the output amplitude is not a linear function of the input amplitude…