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Everything about Sample size determination

Statistical considerations on how many observations to make

Sample size determination or estimation is the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample. The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample. In practice, the sample size used in a study is usually determined based on the cost, time, or convenience of collecting the data, and the need for it to offer sufficient statistical power. In complex studies, different sample sizes may be allocated, such as in stratified surveys or experimental designs with multiple treatment groups. In a census, data is sought for an entire population, hence the intended sample size is equal to the population. In experimental design, where a study may be divided into different treatment groups, there may be different sample sizes for each group. Wikipedia →

🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path

  1. Read the overview: Sample size determinationA 5-minute orientation
  2. Skim a recent paper: How to choose a sampling technique and determine sample size for research: A simplified guide for researchersInfluential work since 2022
  3. Pick up a classic book: Powder sampling and particle size determinationThe most-reprinted book on the subject
  4. Read the landmark paper: Determining Sample Size for Research ActivitiesCited 9,979 times
  5. Go sideways: Standard errorA closely related topic
  6. Go sideways: Pivotal quantityA closely related topic

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🗂️ The subject at a glance

  1. Introduction
  2. Estimation
  3. Required sample sizes for hypothesis tests
  4. Stratified sample size
  5. Qualitative research
  6. General references

🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)

🆕 Influential since 2022

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