Everything about Question answering

🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path

1. Read the overview: Question answeringA 5-minute orientation
2. Skim a recent paper: Assessing the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions regarding cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinomaInfluential work since 2022
3. Pick up a classic book: From head to toeThe most-reprinted book on the subject
4. Read the landmark paper: The answer is 17 years, what is the question: understanding time lags in translational researchCited 2,813 times
5. Go sideways: Entity linkingA closely related topic
6. Go sideways: Semantic parsingA closely related topic

🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)

• The answer is 17 years, what is the question: understanding time lags in translational research

  Zoë Slote Morris, Steven Wooding, Jonathan Grant · 2011 · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2,813 citations

• Toward expert-level medical question answering with large language models

  Karan Singhal, Tao Tu, Juraj Gottweis · 2025 · Nature Medicine · 1,168 citations

• Natural Questions: A Benchmark for Question Answering Research

  Tom Kwiatkowski, Jennimaria Palomaki, Olivia Redfield · 2019 · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · 1,165 citations

• How does environmental concern influence specific environmentally related behaviors? A new answer to an old question

  Sebastian Bamberg · 2003 · Journal of Environmental Psychology · 1,101 citations

• A Simple Theory of the Survey Response: Answering Questions versus Revealing Preferences

  John Zaller, Stanley Feldman · 1992 · American Journal of Political Science · 935 citations

• Answering Autobiographical Questions: The Impact of Memory and Inference on Surveys

  Norman M. Bradburn, Lance J. Rips, Steven K. Shevell · 1987 · Science · 883 citations

• Will it hurt less if I can control it? A complex answer to a simple question.

  Suzanne C. Thompson · 1981 · Psychological Bulletin · 787 citations

• The cognitive perspective: a valuable tool for answering entrepreneurship's basic “why” questions

  Robert A. Baron · 2004 · Journal of Business Venturing · 766 citations

🆕 Influential since 2022

• Assessing the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions regarding cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

  Yee Hui Yeo, Jamil S. Samaan, Wee Han Ng · 2023 · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · 611 citations

• Improving the Domain Adaptation of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Models for Open Domain Question Answering

  Shamane Siriwardhana, Rivindu Weerasekera, Elliott Wen · 2023 · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · 342 citations

• The multi-modal fusion in visual question answering: a review of attention mechanisms

  Siyu Lu, Mingzhe Liu, Lirong Yin · 2023 · PeerJ Computer Science · 287 citations

• Vision-language models for medical report generation and visual question answering: a review

  Iryna Hartsock, Ghulam Rasool · 2024 · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · 246 citations

• Unveiling the ChatGPT phenomenon: Evaluating the consistency and accuracy of endodontic question answers

  Ana Suárez, Víctor Díaz‐Flores García, Juan Algar · 2023 · International Endodontic Journal · 202 citations

📚 Books worth reading

• From head to toeEric Carle · 1977
• What If?Randall Munroe · 1980
• I Wonder Why Spiders Spin Webs and Other Questions About Creepy-crawlies (I Wonder Why)Amanda O'Neill, Amanda O'Neil · 1995
• Asking about sex and growing upJoanna Cole, Alan Tiegreen · 1988
• I wonder why castles had moats and other questions about long agoPhilip Steele · 1994
• Guiness World Records 2004Guinness World Records · 2003
• Guinness World Records 2007Guinness World Records, Craig Glenday · 2006
• Gravity is a MysteryFranklyn M. Branley · 1970

Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.

🔗 Related topics

• Entity linking In natural language processing, entity linking, also referred to as named-entity disambiguation (NED), named-entity recognition and disambiguation (NERD)…
• Semantic parsing Semantic parsing is the task of converting a natural language utterance to a logical form: a machine-understandable representation of its meaning. Semantic…
• Language model benchmark A language model benchmark is a standardized test designed to evaluate the performance of language models on various natural language processing tasks…
• Statistical semantics In linguistics, statistical semantics applies the methods of statistics to the problem of determining the meaning of words or phrases, ideally through…
• Textual entailment In natural language processing, textual entailment (TE), also known as natural language inference (NLI), is a directional relation between text fragments…
• Deepset deepset is an enterprise software vendor that provides developers with the tools to build production-ready Artificial Intelligence (AI) and natural language…
• Sentence embedding In natural language processing, a sentence embedding (or document embedding) is a representation of a natural language text as a vector of numbers which…
• Outline of natural language processing Natural language processing is computer activity in which computers are entailed to analyze, understand, alter, or generate natural language. This includes…