Everything about Programming language

🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path

1. Read the overview: Programming languageA 5-minute orientation
2. Skim a recent paper: Prompting Is Programming: A Query Language for Large Language ModelsInfluential work since 2022
3. Pick up a classic book: The C Programming LanguageThe most-reprinted book on the subject
4. Read the landmark paper: Stan : A Probabilistic Programming LanguageCited 6,167 times
5. Go sideways: Source codeA closely related topic
6. Go sideways: SoftwareA closely related topic

🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)

• Stan : A Probabilistic Programming Language

  Bob Carpenter, Andrew Gelman, Matthew D. Hoffman · 2017 · Journal of Statistical Software · 6,167 citations

• ELIZA—A Computer Program For the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine

  Joseph Weizenbaum · 1966 · Communications of the ACM · 3,812 citations

• The P416 Programming Language

  Mihai Budiu, Chris Dodd · 2017 · ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review · 74 citations

• A programmable programming language

  Matthias Felleisen, Robert Bruce Findler, Matthew Flatt · 2018 · Communications of the ACM · 62 citations

• CRN++: Molecular programming language

  Marko Vasić, David Soloveichik, Sarfraz Khurshid · 2020 · Natural Computing · 35 citations

• Incremental programming language development

  Marjan Mernik, Viljem Žumer · 2005 · Computer Languages, Systems & Structures · 34 citations

• The Y programming language

  David R. Hanson · 1981 · ACM SIGPLAN Notices · 22 citations

• The SNOBOL3 Programming Language

  D. J. Farber, R. E. Griswold, I. P. Polonsky · 1966 · Bell System Technical Journal · 21 citations

🆕 Influential since 2022

• Prompting Is Programming: A Query Language for Large Language Models

  Luca Beurer-Kellner, Marc Fischer, Martin Vechev · 2023 · Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages · 119 citations

• Automatic Programming: Large Language Models and Beyond

  Michael R. Lyu, Baishakhi Ray, Abhik Roychoudhury · 2025 · ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology · 56 citations

• Scallop: A Language for Neurosymbolic Programming

  Ziyang Li, Jiani Huang, Mayur Naik · 2023 · Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages · 53 citations

• Turing.jl: A General-Purpose Probabilistic Programming Language

  Tor Erlend Fjelde, Kai Xu, David Widmann · 2025 · ACM Transactions on Probabilistic Machine Learning · 37 citations

• The Go programming language and environment

  Russ Cox, Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike · 2022 · Communications of the ACM · 27 citations

📚 Books worth reading

• The C Programming LanguageBrian W. Kernighan, Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie · 1978
• C++Paul J. Deitel, Harvey M. Deitel · 1996
• Java for dummiesBarry A. Burd, Barry Burd · 2006
• C How to ProgramPaul J. Deitel, Harvey M. Deitel · 2007
• C++Herbert Schildt · 1987
• JavaScriptDavid Flanagan · 1996
• Learning PythonMark Lutz, David Ascher · 1999
• C how to programHarvey M. Deitel, Paul J. Deitel · 1992

Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.

🔗 Related topics

• Source code In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is human readable plain text that eventually results in controlling the behavior of a computer[citation…
• Software Software (SW) consists of computer programs that instruct the execution of a computer. Software also includes design documents and specifications. The…
• Syntax (programming languages) The syntax of computer source code is code structured and ordered restricted to computer language rules. Like a natural language, a computer language (i…
• Function (computer programming) In computer programming, a function (also procedure, method, subroutine, routine, or subprogram) is a callable unit of software logic that has a well-formed…
• Forth (programming language) Forth is a stack-oriented programming language and interactive integrated development environment designed by Charles H. "Chuck" Moore and first used by…
• Extensible programming In computer science, extensible programming is a style of computer programming that focuses on mechanisms to extend the programming language, compiler…
• PL/I PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced /piː ɛl wʌn/ and sometimes written PL/1) is a procedural, imperative computer programming language initially…
• Programming paradigm A programming paradigm is a relatively high-level way to conceptualize and structure the implementation of a computer program. A programming language can…