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Everything about Primitive equations

Equations to approximate global atmospheric flow

The primitive equations are a set of nonlinear partial differential equations that are used to approximate global atmospheric flow and are used in most atmospheric models. They consist of three main sets of balance equations:A continuity equation: Representing the conservation of mass. Conservation of momentum: Consisting of a form of the Navier–Stokes equations that describe hydrodynamical flow on the surface of a sphere under the assumption that vertical motion is much smaller than horizontal motion (hydrostasis) and that the fluid layer depth is small compared to the radius of the sphere A thermal energy equation: Relating the overall temperature of the system to heat sources and sinks Wikipedia →

🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path

  1. Read the overview: Primitive equationsA 5-minute orientation
  2. Skim a recent paper: The primitive equations approximation of the anisotropic horizontally viscous 3D Navier-Stokes equationsInfluential work since 2022
  3. Pick up a classic book: A Treatise on Differential Equations: Supplementary VolumeThe most-reprinted book on the subject
  4. Read the landmark paper: Vertical Differencing of the Primitive Equations in Sigma CoordinatesCited 120 times
  5. Go sideways: First law of thermodynamics (fluid mechanics)A closely related topic
  6. Go sideways: Toroidal coordinatesA closely related topic

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