Everything about PPP

🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path

1. Read the overview: PPPA 5-minute orientation
2. Skim a recent paper: Review of PPP–RTK: achievements, challenges, and opportunitiesInfluential work since 2022
3. Pick up a classic book: Using and Managing PPPThe most-reprinted book on the subject
4. Read the landmark paper: PANEL COINTEGRATION: ASYMPTOTIC AND FINITE SAMPLE PROPERTIES OF POOLED TIME SERIES TESTS WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE PPP HYPOTHESISCited 4,753 times
5. Go sideways: CPPA closely related topic
6. Go sideways: PDPA closely related topic

🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)

• PANEL COINTEGRATION: ASYMPTOTIC AND FINITE SAMPLE PROPERTIES OF POOLED TIME SERIES TESTS WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE PPP HYPOTHESIS

  Peter Pedroni · 2004 · Econometric Theory · 4,753 citations

• Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with daily observations

  M. Ge, G. Gendt, M. Rothacher · 2007 · Journal of Geodesy · 1,048 citations

• Testing structural hypotheses in a multivariate cointegration analysis of the PPP and the UIP for UK

  S∅ren Johansen, Katarina Juselius · 1992 · Journal of Econometrics · 969 citations

• The allocation of risk in PPP/PFI construction projects in the UK

  Li Bing, A. Akintoye, P.J. Edwards · 2005 · International Journal of Project Management · 638 citations

• Review of studies on the Critical Success Factors for Public–Private Partnership (PPP) projects from 1990 to 2013

  Robert Osei-Kyei, Albert P.C. Chan · 2015 · International Journal of Project Management · 621 citations

• Critical success factors for PPP/PFI projects in the UK construction industry

  Bing Li, A. Akintoye, P. J. Edwards · 2005 · Construction Management and Economics · 576 citations

• Integer Ambiguity Resolution on Undifferenced GPS Phase Measurements and Its Application to PPP and Satellite Precise Orbit Determination

  DENIS LAURICHESSE, FLAVIEN MERCIER, JEAN-PAUL BERTHIAS · 2009 · Navigation · 557 citations

• Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPP), I: Terminology, clinical presentation, and prevalence

  W. H. Wu, O. G. Meijer, K. Uegaki · 2004 · European Spine Journal · 482 citations

🆕 Influential since 2022

• Review of PPP–RTK: achievements, challenges, and opportunities

  Xingxing Li, Jiaxin Huang, Xin Li · 2022 · Satellite Navigation · 161 citations

• Principle and performance of BDSBAS and PPP-B2b of BDS-3

  Yuanxi Yang, Qun Ding, Weiguang Gao · 2022 · Satellite Navigation · 154 citations

• Downscaled gridded global dataset for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita PPP over 1990–2022

  Matti Kummu, Maria Kosonen, Sina Masoumzadeh Sayyar · 2025 · Scientific Data · 151 citations

• Multi-frequency smartphone positioning performance evaluation: insights into A-GNSS PPP-B2b services and beyond

  Jiale Wang, Chuang Shi, Fu Zheng · 2024 · Satellite Navigation · 120 citations

• GNSS observable-specific phase biases for all-frequency PPP ambiguity resolution

  Jianghui Geng, Qiang Wen, Qiyuan Zhang · 2022 · Journal of Geodesy · 115 citations

📚 Books worth reading

• Using and Managing PPPAndrew Sun · 1999
• PPP and L2TPUyless Black · 1999
• 📕Internet survival guideDayna Parks · 1995
• PPP design, implementation, and debuggingJames Carlson · 2000
• Internet directRobert William Miller, Elissa Keeler · 1995
• PPP design and debuggingJames Carlson · 1998
• The SLIP/PPP connectionPaul Gilster · 1995

Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.

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