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Everything about Operational transformation

Concurrency control method for collaborative software

Operational transformation (OT) is a technology for supporting a range of collaboration functionalities in advanced collaborative software systems. OT was originally invented for consistency maintenance and concurrency control in collaborative editing of plain text documents. Its capabilities have been extended and its applications expanded to include group undo, locking, conflict resolution, operation notification and compression, group-awareness, HTML, XML and tree-structured document editing, collaborative office productivity tools, application-sharing, and collaborative computer-aided media design tools. In 2009, OT was adopted as a core technique behind the collaboration features in then-Google Wave and Google Docs. Wikipedia →

🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path

  1. Read the overview: Operational transformationA 5-minute orientation
  2. Skim a recent paper: Does digital transformation improve the operational efficiency of Chinese power enterprises?Influential work since 2022
  3. Pick up a classic book: Théorie des opérations linéairesThe most-reprinted book on the subject
  4. Read the landmark paper: Context-Based Operational Transformation in Distributed Collaborative Editing SystemsCited 77 times
  5. Go sideways: ACE (editor)A closely related topic
  6. Go sideways: Conflict-free replicated data typeA closely related topic

📖 Definitions

No dictionary entry for this exact phrase.

🗂️ The subject at a glance

  1. History
  2. System architecture
  3. Basics
  4. Consistency models
  5. OT system structure
  6. OT data and operation models
  7. OT functions
  8. Transformation properties
  9. OT control (integration) algorithms
  10. Critique of OT

🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)

🆕 Influential since 2022

📚 Books worth reading

Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.

🔗 Related topics