Everything about Frown
Facial expression
A frown is a facial expression in which the eyebrows are brought together, and the forehead is wrinkled, usually indicating displeasure, sadness or worry, or less often confusion or concentration. The appearance of a frown varies by culture. An alternative usage in North America is thought of as an expression of the mouth. In those cases when used iconically, as with an emoticon, it is entirely presented by the curve of the lips forming a down-open curve. The mouth expression is also commonly referred to in the colloquial English phrase, especially in the United States, to "turn that frown upside down" which indicates changing from sad to happy. Wikipedia →
🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path
- Read the overview: FrownA 5-minute orientation
- Skim a recent paper: Anatomical Proposal for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Glabellar Frown LinesInfluential work since 2022
- Pick up a classic book: Welcome to Happy, Texas "the Town Without a Frown", Country CookingThe most-reprinted book on the subject
- Read the landmark paper: Treatment of Glabellar Frown Lines with C. Botulinum‐A ExotoxinCited 566 times
- Go sideways: Facial feedback hypothesisA closely related topic
- Go sideways: Facial expressionA closely related topic
📖 Definitions
Noun A wrinkling of the forehead with the eyebrows brought together, typically indicating displeasure, severity, or concentration.
Noun A downturn of the corners of the mouth, typically expressing sadness.
Noun Any facial expression that indicates disapproval or displeasure.
Verb To have a frown on one's face.
🗂️ The subject at a glance
🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)
Treatment of Glabellar Frown Lines with C. Botulinum‐A Exotoxin
The Link between Facial Feedback and Neural Activity within Central Circuitries of Emotion—New Insights from Botulinum Toxin–Induced Denervation of Frown Muscles
“Turn that frown upside-down”: A contextual account of emoticon usage on different virtual platforms
When the Most Potent Combination of Antibiotics Selects for the Greatest Bacterial Load: The Smile-Frown Transition
Who may frown and who should smile? Dominance, affiliation, and the display of happiness and anger
The eyebrow frown: A salient social signal.
Frown incision for minimizing induced astigmatism after small incision cataract surgery with rigid optic intraocular lens implantation
The Microanatomical Basis of Facial Frown Lines
🆕 Influential since 2022
Anatomical Proposal for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Glabellar Frown Lines
Endolift laser an effective treatment modality for forehead wrinkles and frown line
Targeting the glabellar frown lines with OnabotulinumtoxinA: In-silico evidence supporting concentrated, low-volume injection protocols
Keeping up appearances: Don’t frown upon the effects of botulinum toxin injections in facial muscles
Evaluation of supratrochlear artery depth and course variations by Doppler ultrasonography along the glabellar frown lines for safer filler injections
📚 Books worth reading
- 📕Welcome to Happy, Texas "the Town Without a Frown", Country CookingMary Vasek (Compiled by) Wilhelm · 1993
Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.
🔗 Related topics
- Facial feedback hypothesis The facial feedback hypothesis, rooted in the conjectures of Charles Darwin and William James, is that one's facial expression directly affects their emotional…
- Facial expression Facial expression is a motion and positioning of the muscles beneath the skin of the face. These movements convey the emotional state of an individual…
- Discrete emotion theory Discrete emotion theory is the claim that there is a small number of core emotions. For example, Silvan Tomkins (1962, 1963) concluded that there are nine…
- Emotion perception Emotion perception refers to the capacities and abilities of recognizing and identifying emotions in others, in addition to biological and physiological…
- Smile A smile is a facial expression formed primarily by flexing the muscles at the sides of the mouth. Some smiles include a contraction of the muscles at the…
- Microexpression A microexpression is a facial expression with very short duration. It is the innate result of a voluntary and an involuntary emotional response occurring…
- Amusement Amusement is the state of experiencing humorous and entertaining events or situations while the person or animal actively maintains the experience, and…
- Non-verbal leakage Non-verbal leakage is a form of non-verbal behavior that occurs when a person verbalizes one thing, but their body language indicates another, common forms…