Everything about Four-stroke engine
Internal combustion engine type
A four-stroke engine is an internal combustion engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either direction. The four separate strokes are termed:Intake: Also known as induction or suction. This stroke of the piston begins at top dead center (T.D.C.) and ends at bottom dead center (B.D.C.). In this stroke the intake valve must be in the open position while the piston pulls an air-fuel mixture into the cylinder by producing a partial vacuum in the cylinder through its downward motion. Compression: This stroke begins at B.D.C, or just at the end of the suction stroke, and ends at T.D.C. In this stroke the piston compresses the air-fuel mixture in preparation for ignition during the power stroke (below). Both the intake and exhaust valves are closed during this stage. Combustion: Also known as power or ignition. This is the start of the second revolution of the four stroke cycle. At this point the crankshaft has completed a full 360 degree revolution. While the piston is at T.D.C. the compressed air-fuel mixture is ignited by a spark plug or by heat generated by high compression, forcefully returning the piston to B.D.C. This stroke produces mechanical work from the engine to turn the crankshaft. Exhaust: Also known as outlet. During the exhaust stroke, the piston, once again, returns from B.D.C. to T.D.C. while the exhaust valve is open. This action expels the spent air-fuel mixture through the exhaust port. Wikipedia →
🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path
- Read the overview: Four-stroke engineA 5-minute orientation
- Skim a recent paper: Butanol-gasoline blends impact on performance and exhaust emissions of a four stroke spark ignition engineInfluential work since 2022
- Pick up a classic book: The aeroplaneThe most-reprinted book on the subject
- Read the landmark paper: Discrete four-stroke quantum heat engine exploring the origin of frictionCited 139 times
- Go sideways: Miller cycleA closely related topic
- Go sideways: Internal combustion engineA closely related topic
📖 Definitions
Noun An internal combustion engine that operates on the four-stroke principle.
🗂️ The subject at a glance
🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)
Discrete four-stroke quantum heat engine exploring the origin of friction
Air Motion in a Four-Stroke Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Computer simulation of a four stroke spark ignition engine
The multilevel four-stroke swap engine and its environment
Understanding of controlled autoignition combustion in a four-stroke gasoline engine
Phragmoplast expansion: the four-stroke engine that powers plant cytokinesis
Misfire identification in a four-stroke four-cylinder petrol engine using decision tree
Performance simulation of a four-stroke engine with variable stroke-length and compression ratio
🆕 Influential since 2022
Butanol-gasoline blends impact on performance and exhaust emissions of a four stroke spark ignition engine
Optimization of injection system for a medium-speed four-stroke spark-ignition marine hydrogen engine
Performance characteristics of a high-speed four-stroke engine with ammonia direct injection and diesel pilot ignition
Experimental Investigations of Sesame Oil-Based Nano-Lubricant in Four-Stroke SI Engine
An Experimental Study for Performance and Emissions of a Small Four-Stroke SI Engine for Modern Motorcycle
📚 Books worth reading
The aeroplaneArthur Fage · 1915
Design and Simulation of Four Stroke Engines [R-186]Blair, Gordon P. · 1999- 📕Temperature corrections for nonroad exhaust emissionsUnited States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. Assessment and Standards Division · 2005
Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.
🔗 Related topics
- Miller cycle In engineering, the Miller cycle is a thermodynamic cycle used in a type of internal combustion engine. The Miller cycle was patented by Ralph Miller,…
- Internal combustion engine An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion…
- Atkinson cycle The Atkinson-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine invented by James Atkinson in 1882. The Atkinson cycle is designed to provide efficiency…
- Reciprocating engine A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and…
- Six-stroke engine A six-stroke engine is one of several alternative internal combustion engine designs that attempt to improve on traditional two-stroke and four-stroke…
- Stroke (engine) In the context of an internal combustion engine, the term stroke has the following related meanings: A phase of the engine's cycle (e.g. compression stroke…
- Otto cycle An Otto cycle (named after Nicolaus Otto) is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine…
- Component parts of internal combustion engines Internal combustion engines come in a wide variety of types, but have certain family resemblances, and thus share many common types of components. Internal…