Everything about Database normalization

🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path

1. Read the overview: Database normalizationA 5-minute orientation
2. Skim a recent paper: Network Analysis for Signal Detection in Spontaneous Adverse Event Reporting Database: Application of Network Weighting Normalization to Characterize Cardiovascular Drug SafetyInfluential work since 2022
3. Pick up a classic book: Analytical data-management systemsThe most-reprinted book on the subject
4. Read the landmark paper: Development of the Method and U.S. Normalization Database for Life Cycle Impact Assessment and Sustainability MetricsCited 97 times
5. Go sideways: Third normal formA closely related topic
6. Go sideways: Second normal formA closely related topic

🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)

• Development of the Method and U.S. Normalization Database for Life Cycle Impact Assessment and Sustainability Metrics

  Jane Bare, Thomas Gloria, Gregory Norris · 2006 · Environmental Science & Technology · 97 citations

• New methods and fast algorithms for database normalization

  Jim Diederich, Jack Milton · 1988 · ACM Transactions on Database Systems · 49 citations

• Gene name identification and normalization using a model organism database

  Alexander A. Morgan, Lynette Hirschman, Marc Colosimo · 2004 · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · 48 citations

• Normalization factor database for life cycle impact assessment in China

  Zhihao Chen, Yao Wang, Beijia Huang · 2024 · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · 26 citations

• Algorithm for Relational Database Normalization Up to 3NF

  Moussa Demba · 2013 · International Journal of Database Management Systems · 19 citations

• Database schema design: an experimental comparison between normalization and information analysis

  Peretz Shoval, Moshe Even-Chaime · 1987 · ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems · 17 citations

• Micro: A normalization tool for relational database designers

  Hongbo Du, Laurent Wery · 1999 · Journal of Network and Computer Applications · 15 citations

• Economic incentives for database normalization

  J.Christopher Westland · 1992 · Information Processing & Management · 13 citations

🆕 Influential since 2022

• Network Analysis for Signal Detection in Spontaneous Adverse Event Reporting Database: Application of Network Weighting Normalization to Characterize Cardiovascular Drug Safety

  Mátyás Pétervári, Bettina Benczik, Olivér M. Balogh · 2022 · Drug Safety · 13 citations

• Normalization weighted combination scores re-evaluate TNM staging of gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study based on a multicenter database

  Junpeng Wu, Hao Wang, Xin Yin · 2023 · International Journal of Surgery · 10 citations

• A Novel Automatic Relational Database Normalization Method

  Emre Akadal, Mehmet Hakan Satman · 2022 · Acta Informatica Pragensia · 5 citations

• The effects of database normalization on decision support system performance

  Marin Fotache, Marius-Iulian Cluci, Toni Taipalus · 2026 · Information Systems · 3 citations

• TEACHING DATABASE NORMALIZATION: DO PREREQUISITES MATTER?

  · 2024 · Issues In Information Systems · 1 citations

📚 Books worth reading

• 📕Analytical data-management systemsJ. T. O'Connor · 1994
• Database system conceptsAbraham Silberschatz · 1997
• Database systemsPeter Rob, Carlos Coronel · 2006
• Access database design & programmingSteven Roman · 1997
• Database Design for Mere MortalsMichael J. Hernandez · 1996
• 📕Analytical data-management systemsO'Connor, John T. · 1994
• Databases illuminatedCatherine M. Ricardo · 2012
• Database Design and Relational TheoryC. J. Date · 2012

Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.

🔗 Related topics

• Third normal form Third normal form (3NF) is a level of database normalization defined by English computer scientist Edgar F. Codd. A relation (or table, in SQL) is in third…
• Second normal form Second normal form (2NF) is a level of database normalization defined by English computer scientist Edgar F. Codd. A relation (or a table, in SQL) is in…
• Sixth normal form Sixth normal form (6NF) is a normal form used in relational database normalization which extends the relational algebra and generalizes relational operators…
• First normal form First normal form (1NF) is the most basic level of database normalization defined by English computer scientist Edgar F. Codd, the inventor of the relational…
• Fourth normal form Fourth normal form (4NF) is a normal form used in database normalization. Introduced by Ronald Fagin in 1977, 4NF is the next level of normalization after…
• Fifth normal form Fifth normal form (5NF), also known as projection–join normal form (PJ/NF), is a level of database normalization designed to remove redundancy in relational…
• Boyce–Codd normal form Boyce–Codd normal form (BCNF or 3.5NF) is a normal form used in database normalization. It is a slightly stricter version of the third normal form (3NF)…
• Unnormalized form In database normalization, unnormalized form (UNF or 0NF), also known as an unnormalized relation or non-first normal form (N1NF or NF2), is a database…