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Everything about Circular error probable

Ballistics measure of a weapon system's precision

Circular error probable (CEP), also circular error probability or circle of equal probability, is a measure of a weapon system's precision in the military science of ballistics. It is defined as the radius of a circle, centered on the aimpoint, that is expected to enclose the landing points of 50% of the rounds; said otherwise, it is the median error radius, which is a 50% confidence interval. That is, if a given munitions design has a CEP of 10 m, when 100 munitions are targeted at the same point, an average of 50 will fall within a circle with a radius of 10 m about that point. Wikipedia →

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  1. Read the overview: Circular error probableA 5-minute orientation
  2. Skim a recent paper: INS Stochastic Noise Impact on Circular Error Probability of Ballistic MissilesInfluential work since 2022
  3. Pick up a classic book: Mathematical Methods in the Physical SciencesThe most-reprinted book on the subject
  4. Read the landmark paper: Circular Error ProbabilitiesCited 38 times
  5. Go sideways: Standard errorA closely related topic
  6. Go sideways: Mean squared errorA closely related topic

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