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Everything about Butorphanol
Opioid analgesic
Butorphanol is a morphinan-type synthetic agonist–antagonist opioid analgesic developed by Bristol-Myers. Butorphanol is most closely structurally related to levorphanol. Butorphanol is available as the tartrate salt in injectable, tablet, and intranasal spray formulations. The tablet form is only used in dogs, cats and horses due to low bioavailability in humans. Wikipedia →
🧭 Start here: a 6-step reading path
- Read the overview: ButorphanolA 5-minute orientation
- Skim a recent paper: Recommended doses of medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol with atipamezole for preventing hypothermia in miceInfluential work since 2022
- Pick up a classic book: Controlled Narcotic Log Book MThe most-reprinted book on the subject
- Read the landmark paper: Enadoline, a selective kappa opioid agonist: comparison with butorphanol and hydromorphone in humansCited 225 times
- Go sideways: VatinoxanA closely related topic
- Go sideways: Veterinary anesthesiaA closely related topic
📖 Definitions
Noun A synthetic analgesic and antitussive opioid drug (trademark Stadol) administered in the form of its tartrate C21H29NO2·C4H6O6 as a nasal spray or by injection especially for the relief of pain.
🗂️ The subject at a glance
🏆 Landmark papers (most cited)
Enadoline, a selective kappa opioid agonist: comparison with butorphanol and hydromorphone in humans
Butorphanol for treatment of intractable pruritus
Effects of Continuous Rate Intravenous Infusion of Butorphanol on Physiologic and Outcome Variables in Horses after Celiotomy
Evaluation of the analgesic effects of epidurally administered morphine, alfentanil, butorphanol, tramadol, and U50488H in horses
Changes in thermal threshold response in eight cats after administration of buprenorphine, butorphanol and morphine
The opioid receptor binding of dezocine, morphine, fentanyl, butorphanol and nalbuphine
Pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of butorphanol administered by single intravenous injection or continuous intravenous infusion in horses
The Enflurane Sparing Effect of Morphine, Butorphanol, and Nalbuphine
🆕 Influential since 2022
Recommended doses of medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol with atipamezole for preventing hypothermia in mice
The Effects of Sedation with Dexmedetomidine–Butorphanol and Anesthesia with Propofol–Isoflurane on Feline Grimace Scale© Scores
Butorphanol reduces the neuronal inflammatory response and apoptosis via inhibition of p38/JNK/ATF2/p53 signaling
Novel protocol to establish the myocardial infarction model in rats using a combination of medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol (MMB) and atipamezole
Effects of vatinoxan in dogs premedicated with medetomidine and butorphanol followed by sevoflurane anaesthesia: a randomized clinical study
📚 Books worth reading
- 📕Controlled Narcotic Log Book MMax N. Jax · 2019
The encyclopedia of addictive drugsRichard Lawrence Miller · 2002- 📕Butorphanol TartrateC. E. Rosow · 1988
- 📕Butorphanol Tartrate; Second EditionG. J. Blokdijk · 2018
- 📕Untersuchungen über die analgetische Wirksamkeit von Butorphanol und Nefopam sowie deren HauptmetaboliteHans-Joachim Kirchherr · 1984
- 📕Interaktionen von MAO-Inhibitoren und Enzyminduktoren mit Tilidin, Pethidin und Butorphanol im zusammenhang mit Toleranzentwicklung und EntzugssymptomatikAlexander Uricher · 1986
Essential pain pharmacologyHoward S. Smith · 2012- 📕Animal pain and its control, April 1994 · 1994
Ranked by number of editions on Open Library, a rough measure of how lasting a book is.
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